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The Penrose Theory of Consciousness

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Interconnected dark nerve cells with glowing orange nodes and small blue light pulses

What makes you aware that you are reading these words right now? That question sits at the heart of CONSCIOUSNESS, which is the experience of being aware of yourself and your surroundings. Scientists and philosophers call this one of the hardest problems in all of science — the HARD PROBLEM — because no one has fully explained how a physical brain produces the feeling of being alive. British mathematician Sir Roger PENROSE first introduced key ideas behind the theory in his 1989 book, and by the mid-1990s he and anesthesiologist Stuart HAMEROFF had developed their bold new theory together to tackle this mystery. Their idea suggests that the secret to consciousness might be hiding inside the smallest structures of your own cells, waiting to be discovered through careful scientific observation.

The experience of being aware of yourself and your surroundings is called _____.
CONSCIOUSNESS
The challenge of explaining how a physical brain produces awareness is called the _____ problem.
HARD
Name something the text tells us about the people who proposed this theory.
ROGER PENROSE IS BRITISH / PENROSE IS A MATHEMATICIAN / HAMEROFF IS AN ANESTHESIOLOGIST / PENROSE INTRODUCED IDEAS IN 1989 / THEY DEVELOPED THE THEORY IN THE MID-1990S
The scientist who co-proposed this theory alongside Hameroff was Sir Roger _____.
PENROSE
Name something the text tells us about what makes consciousness such a difficult scientific challenge.
NO ONE HAS FULLY EXPLAINED IT / IT INVOLVES A PHYSICAL BRAIN / IT PRODUCES THE FEELING OF BEING ALIVE
Roger Penrose is a mathematician from the country of _____.
ENGLAND

Writing Prompt

What does being conscious mean to you — and why do you think scientists find it so hard to explain?

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Section 8

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